Qt 4.6: QDesktopServices Class Reference

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# QDesktopServices Class Reference
[QtGui module]

The QDesktopServices class provides methods for accessing common desktop services. More...

     #include <QDesktopServices>

This class was introduced in Qt 4.2.

- List of all members, including inherited members

## Public Types

enum | StandardLocation { DesktopLocation, DocumentsLocation, FontsLocation, ApplicationsLocation, ..., CacheLocation }

## Static Public Members

QString | displayName ( StandardLocation type )
bool | openUrl ( const QUrl & url )
void | setUrlHandler ( const QString & scheme, QObject * receiver, const char * method )
QString | storageLocation ( StandardLocation type )
void | unsetUrlHandler ( const QString & scheme )

## Detailed Description

The QDesktopServices class provides methods for accessing common desktop services.

Many desktop environments provide services that can be used by applications to perform common tasks, such as opening a web page, in a way that is both consistent and takes into account the user's application preferences.

This class contains functions that provide simple interfaces to these services that indicate whether they succeeded or failed.

The openUrl() function is used to open files located at arbitrary URLs in external applications. For URLs that correspond to resources on the local filing system (where the URL scheme is "file"), a suitable application will be used to open the file; otherwise, a web browser will be used to fetch and display the file.

The user's desktop settings control whether certain executable file types are opened for browsing, or if they are executed instead. Some desktop environments are configured to prevent users from executing files obtained from non-local URLs, or to ask the user's permission before doing so.

### URL Handlers

The behavior of the openUrl() function can be customized for individual URL schemes to allow applications to override the default handling behavior for certain types of URLs.

The dispatch mechanism allows only one custom handler to be used for each URL scheme; this is set using the setUrlHandler() function. Each handler is implemented as a slot which accepts only a single QUrl argument.

The existing handlers for each scheme can be removed with the unsetUrlHandler() function. This returns the handling behavior for the given scheme to the default behavior.

This system makes it easy to implement a help system, for example. Help could be provided in labels and text browsers using help://myapplication/mytopic URLs, and by registering a handler it becomes possible to display the help text inside the application:

     class MyHelpHandler : public QObject
     {
         Q_OBJECT
     public:
         ...
     public slots:
         void showHelp(const QUrl &url);
     };

     QDesktopServices::setUrlHandler("help", helpInstance, "showHelp");

If inside the handler you decide that you can't open the requested URL, you can just call QDesktopServices::openUrl() again with the same argument, and it will try to open the URL using the appropriate mechanism for the user's desktop environment.

See also QSystemTrayIcon and QProcess.

## Member Type Documentation

### enum QDesktopServices::StandardLocation

This enum describes the different locations that can be queried by QDesktopServices::storageLocation and QDesktopServices::displayName.

Constant | Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`QDesktopServices::DesktopLocation` | `0` | Returns the user's desktop directory.
`QDesktopServices::DocumentsLocation` | `1` | Returns the user's document.
`QDesktopServices::FontsLocation` | `2` | Returns the user's fonts.
`QDesktopServices::ApplicationsLocation` | `3` | Returns the user's applications.
`QDesktopServices::MusicLocation` | `4` | Returns the users music.
`QDesktopServices::MoviesLocation` | `5` | Returns the user's movies.
`QDesktopServices::PicturesLocation` | `6` | Returns the user's pictures.
`QDesktopServices::TempLocation` | `7` | Returns the system's temporary directory.
`QDesktopServices::HomeLocation` | `8` | Returns the user's home directory.
`QDesktopServices::DataLocation` | `9` | Returns a directory location where persistent application data can be stored. QCoreApplication::applicationName and QCoreApplication::organizationName should work on all platforms.
`QDesktopServices::CacheLocation` | `10` | Returns a directory location where user-specific non-essential (cached) data should be written.

This enum was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See also storageLocation() and displayName().

## Member Function Documentation

### QString QDesktopServices::displayName ( StandardLocation type ) `[static]`

Returns a localized display name for the given location type or an empty QString if no relevant location can be found.

### bool QDesktopServices::openUrl ( const QUrl & url ) `[static]`

Opens the given url in the appropriate Web browser for the user's desktop environment, and returns true if successful; otherwise returns false.

If the URL is a reference to a local file (i.e., the URL scheme is "file") then it will be opened with a suitable application instead of a Web browser.

The following example opens a file on the Windows file system residing on a path that contains spaces:

     QDesktopServices::openUrl(QUrl("file:///C:/Documents and Settings/All Users/Desktop", QUrl::TolerantMode));

If a `mailto` URL is specified, the user's e-mail client will be used to open a composer window containing the options specified in the URL, similar to the way `mailto` links are handled by a Web browser.

For example, the following URL contains a recipient (`user@foo.com`), a subject (`Test`), and a message body (`Just a test`):

     mailto:user@foo.com?subject=Test&body=Just a test

Warning: Although many e-mail clients can send attachments and are Unicode-aware, the user may have configured their client without these features. Also, certain e-mail clients (e.g., Lotus Notes) have problems with long URLs.

See also setUrlHandler().

### void QDesktopServices::setUrlHandler ( const QString & scheme, QObject * receiver, const char * method ) `[static]`

Sets the handler for the given scheme to be the handler method provided by the receiver object.

This function provides a way to customize the behavior of openUrl(). If openUrl() is called with a URL with the specified scheme then the given method on the receiver object is called instead of QDesktopServices launching an external application.

The provided method must be implemented as a slot that only accepts a single QUrl argument.

If setUrlHandler() is used to set a new handler for a scheme which already has a handler, the existing handler is simply replaced with the new one. Since QDesktopServices does not take ownership of handlers, no objects are deleted when a handler is replaced.

Note that the handler will always be called from within the same thread that calls QDesktopServices::openUrl().

See also openUrl() and unsetUrlHandler().

### QString QDesktopServices::storageLocation ( StandardLocation type ) `[static]`

Returns the default system directory where files of type belong, or an empty string if the location cannot be determined.

Note: The storage location returned can be a directory that does not exist; i.e., it may need to be created by the system or the user.

Note: On Symbian OS, ApplicationsLocation always point /sys/bin folder on the same drive with executable. FontsLocation always points to folder on ROM drive. Symbian OS does not have desktop concept, DesktopLocation returns same path as DocumentsLocation. Rest of the standard locations point to folder on same drive with executable, except that if executable is in ROM the folder from C drive is returned.

Note: On Mac OS X, DataLocation does not include QCoreApplication::organizationName. Use code like this to add it:

     QString location = QDesktopServices::storageLocation(QDesktopServices::DataLocation);
     #ifdef Q_WS_MAC
         location.insert(location.count() - QCoreApplication::applicationName().count(),
             QCoreApplication::organizationName() + "/");
     #endif

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

### void QDesktopServices::unsetUrlHandler ( const QString & scheme ) `[static]`

Removes a previously set URL handler for the specified scheme.

See also setUrlHandler().